The Criminal Justice System And The United States Essay

Overcrowding The Criminal Justice System has made many changes since it first started in the 17th Century. The Criminal Justice System first began in the United States during the colonial times, when the colonist had to follow the rules of the British. During the Colonial times, the Criminal Justices System was not as fair as our current system is today, which meant a lot of people did not have liberties and were ultimately treated unfairly. Times have definitely changed for the Criminal Justice System and for the United States. We now have several documents giving citizens’ rights to be protected from the Criminal Justice System, a few of those right are in the constitution and also the 27 amendments. In the United States there are also a few other things that a person can do other than go to jail or prison. One alternative to prison or jail is house arrest where the offender serves out their sentence at their home. Another one is probation, Probation, in criminal law, is a period of supe rvision over an offender, ordered by a court instead of serving time in prison. In the United States, we have several documents and alternatives for being placed in jail or prison, yet people still find a way to get themselves incarcerated. Since there are so many prisoners in these correctional facilities, they are beginning to face several problems such as mental health issues, staff morale, negative media attention, inmate behavior, and overcrowding. I believe overcrowding is the mostShow MoreRelatedThe United States And The Criminal Justice System Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States considers itself to be the best country in the world. This sense of nationalism is present because of the country’s history of opportunities and their emphasis on the power of their people. Safety is a crucial aspect that peopleconsider when choosing where to live. 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Our criminal justice system needs to be evaluated and failed policies and procedures must be thrown out. It is a time for a reform for our criminal justice system. However, we must first address these policies and procedures that led us to where weRead MoreThe United States Criminal Justice System2824 Words   |  12 PagesThe United States criminal justice system is essential to the functioning of American society. A central component to the criminal justice system in our country is the U.S. courts. The U.S. courts uphold those rights guaranteed to U.S. citizens under the Constitution while also enforcing the laws and precedents set forth by the United States government. Over the course of the last several months I have b een given the opportunity to sit in and observe the workings and proceedings that take placeRead MoreThe United States Criminal Justice System1827 Words   |  8 Pages The United States criminal justice system has failed to rehabilitate criminals. Even after being penalized for their crimes, prisoners continue to commit crimes without learning that what they did was wrong from being incarcerated and are sent back to prison. Jails are set up to aid those imprisoned by helping them obtain skills that will hopefully reduce future incidences and allow them to act like the citizens they should be. However, punishing criminals is not as productive as many thinkRead MoreThe United States The Criminal Justice System856 Words   |  4 Pages In the United States the criminal justice system does not always create policies that affect everyone equally. There are many policies that seem to target a specific group of people, whether this is intentional or not is beside the point. Th e important thing is to change the criminal justice system in order to stop race disparities. Marc Mauer in his lecture speaks of the reason for the disparity between races when it comes to the incarceration rate, as well as steps that can be taken in orderRead MoreThe United States Criminal Justice System Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States criminal justice system can be described as flawed in many ways. Some of these flaws have a larger impact on the people of this country than others. Two of the largest problems we have currently revolve around the issues of wrongful convictions and prosecutorial misconduct. The whole criminal justice system revolves around making sure people follow the laws put in place, and if they do not punish them for their wrongdoing. This system is also about affording the same rights to every

Human Death And Suffering In Australia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Human Death And Suffering In Australia? Answer: Introduction Breach of safety regulations has for a long time been a key factor that has resulted in numerous accidents that have caused human death and suffering in Australia and around the world. This has not only caused train crashes and mishaps but also other major types of accidents that have caused massive loss of human life and tragedy. The improper observance of security and safety protocol has therefore been a key factor that has contributed highly in these accidents and hence should be addressed as a mitigation measure in preserving human life. Lack of observance of basic safety practice and change in policy have therefore been cited as major causes of both minor and major accidents. Addressing of the same could be a step forward in the achievement of reduced tragedy caused by the breach of security regulation. The report is therefore going to provide an example of an accident that was as a result of lack of accounting and responsibility leading to breaches in safety protocol leading to a catastrophe. It will also discuss the relevant literature concerned with the incident and also give in detail the safety breaches that led to the incident occurring. The adherence of proper safety procedure before, on and after every commute by the transport services is a considerably major step towards providing safer transport solutions for commuters. Small mistakes have been made before and they went ahead to cause disasters of shocking proportions (Naweed.2013). These accidents are therefore usually mainly predictable going by past incidences and occurrences. No accident either minor or major is acceptable as all of them cause losses. They therefore should be prevented in any way possible. Human error resulting from assumption of basic safety protocol should therefore be minimized or else removed completely. The Clapham Junction Incident A crowded commuter train ran straight head-on into the rear of another stationary train at Clapham Junction on the 12th of December 1988 causing massive loss of human life and injury to many more. The consequence impact of the collision moved the first train causing it to hit another oncoming train causing the tragic death of 35 people instantly and with more than 500 other injured. The incident took place around the train station just a paltry two signals away. A technical error occurred causing a failure in the signaling process at the station. The stop sign which should have been signaled to the first train was not working due to some electrical failure. The wiring of the whole electrical set-up was just done recently but it was vividly clear that that it was a shoddy piece of work. The fuse end of the wire was left connected while the relay end was also not disconnected as required. The whole new wiring work was done during the week and the connections made over the weekend. Part of the job required some wire to be removed completely from the terminals at both ends. These are the relay and the fuse end. They should have been both disconnected completed and tied back to ensure no form of contact whatsoever. This was however tampered with in another job the next week leading to renewed contact of the wires. The circuitry was therefore interfered with by this careless readjustment leading to massive loss of life. Safety breaches that caused the accident It is evident that there was clearly a string of safety breaches that caused the occurrence of the train carnage at Clapham Junction. These breaches if taken into account and if addressed as required through proper regulation and policy could prevent any other incidents, reduce the death toll and other drastic consequences that took place brought about by these breaches. The lack of accountability and clarity on job responsibility by the staff was a key breach in safety precautionary measures. The relevant technical personnel and technicians in charge of the wiring and signaling at the station did not commit to their job as required. The management therefore failed in their duty to conduct mandatory wire counts leaving all the work to junior staff who were probably highly inexperienced. Another safety breach was the failure by the organizational restructuring to take into account the resources needed to make the new structures to work as they were meant to. There was no proper consultation procedure and planning which would have been critical in preventing small hitches along the way. The chief engineer responsible for signal works just assumed that everything would be done as required by the other engineering personnel under his supervision hence creating a responsibility vacuum. The lack of proper communication and massive failure in management leadership was also another major security breach in the incident. The communication set-up in the organization was below par and hence miscommunication along the chain as there was no formal communication. The train staff and other station personnel had undergone a major reorganization and were therefore adjusting to their new positions. Inadequate training was also a safety breach as improper training or lack of necessary skill thereof by the relevant staff could cause irreversible damage owing to small mistakes that have major impacts (Baysari,Mclntosh and Wilson ,2008). An assumption of competence and efficiency was effected by the senior engineers upon the junior staff as they delegated their duties without ensuring that the personnel under them and their relevant departments were properly trained. The senior technician should have been held accountable for the wiring problems as it was his primary concern to ensure everything was in perfect order for operations to work as they should. There was also failure to audit and therefore and therefore safety auditing was not a part of their organizational structure. The institutions management also ignored past mistakes that had caused other incidents at the station and therefore had only themselves to blame for not correcting past mistakes. The warning signals from the previous accidents should have been taken seriously and mitigation measures should have been effected immediately. Three years prior to this incident, there had been a similar signaling failure at the station after rewiring was done. They therefore should have been more careful considering the past failure of the system. Considering the past issues should have been taken into account and hence the incident could have been avoided. Ignoring of established safe systems was also a factor in the occurrence of the incident. One example of these ignored established systems was that the proper procedure for particular rewiring detail was not followed as needed. There were also no independent wire counts done as was required by protocol and the redundant wires were neither disconnected nor tied back as required. Other modifications on the signaling and wiring that should have been done on the job were not done as required and no further consultation was done. Conclusion The Clapham Junction accident is just another one case caused by serious human error and lack of accountability by the personnel concerned ensuring safety is observed. Taking into account past mistakes and warnings from incidents in the past that had taken place in a similar pattern should have been used as a platform to avoid the incident. Sealing al loopholes that brought about breaches in security and safety protocol could have been a key concern of the organization. It is clearly evident that the problem of safety breaches is more disastrous than people choose to accept. Reflecting seriously on these underlying issues, it is very clear that people did not really take their responsibilities as seriously required for everything to be in a required order. When poor leadership is given charge at such critical institutions that deal with transporting human souls, it is a big mistake (Freeman and Rakotonirainy, 2015). The presence of poor communication structure is also another contrib utory issue that should be taken seriously to avoid misunderstanding and poor workmanship. Poor communication results in disconnected organization and hence ineffective results from the relevant staff. Ignoring warnings from the past seriously can lead to heart breaking tragedies. The serious consideration of minor safety protocol could go a long way in saving human lives. Policy and regulation concerning safety breaches that cause loss of human life and other catastrophic incidences should be enforced by the relevant authorities. Individuals working in the specific departments should at all times be held accountable for mistakes that cause problems under their supervision. They should be made to face consequences in order to effect serious work ethic amongst personnel. The organization concerned should also synergize and utilize effectively the resources under their disposal in provision of safe transport systems for commuters. Proper communication channels are also necessary for safety to be observed in accordance to set policy. Proper communication either from the top down or vice versa give an environment of understanding and accountability to every personnel responsible for a certain task. Proper auditing of all safety procedures as required should also be done as effectively as it is required. The organization should therefore have proper auditin g procedure at all time. Proper training of their personnel should also be ensured to impact necessary skill and expertise in their specific lines of duty. References Baysari, M. T., McIntosh, A. S., Wilson, J. R. (2008). Understanding the human factors contribution to railway accidents and incidents in Australia.Accident Analysis Prevention,40(5), 1750-1757. Salmon, P. M., Lenn, M. G., Read, G. J., Mulvihill, C. M., Cornelissen, M., Walker, G. H., Stanton, N. A. (2016). More than meets the eye: using cognitive work analysis to identify design requirements for future rail level crossing systems.Applied ergonomics,53, 312-322. Freeman, J., Rakotonirainy, A. (2015). Mistakes or deliberate violations? A study into the origins of rule breaking at pedestrian train crossings.Accident Analysis Prevention,77, 45-50. Salmon, P. M., Read, G. J., Stanton, N. A., Lenn, M. G. (2013). The crash at Kerang: Investigating systemic and psychology factors leading to unintentional non-compliance at rail level crossings.Accident Analysis Prevention,50, 1278-1288. Australia, S. W. (2014). Work-related traumatic injury fatalities, Australia 2013.ACT: Canberra. Naweed, A. (2013). Psychological factors for driver distraction and inattention in the Australian and New Zealand rail industry.Accident Analysis Prevention,60, 193-204. Luong, P., Xia, M. (2016). The light rail revolution-a safety risk perspective.CORE 2016: Maintaining the Momentum, 714. Klockner, K., Toft, Y. (2015). Accident modelling of railway safety occurrences: The Safety and Failure Event Network (SAFE-Net) Method.Procedia Manufacturing,3, 1734-1741. Quan, S. F., Barger, L. (2015). Brief review: sleep healthcare and safety for transportation workers.